While copper, zinc, cobalt, selenium and manganese are needed in much lower concentrations and are usually designated by parts per million units.
The most widely used method of supplementation is the provision of mineral mixtures in loose or block form. It is commercial mineral mixes fed at the recommended level which will normally supply the needed minerals.
Common salt (NaCl) is the main ingredient (30-40%) because it is palatable and acts as a ‘carrier’; of other less palatable minerals.
The vast majority of mineral are highly unpalatable; however animals consume a complete mineral mixture because of the favorable states and their craving for salt.
Well balanced rations that include mineral supplements will meet the mineral needs of dairy cows.
Steamed bonemeal, dicalcium phosphate and limestone may be used to supply calcium.
Mineral supplements for cattle
